The 50 Most-cited Articles in Orthopaedic Surgery From Mainland China

Background

Citation analysis has been widely used to evaluate the impact of articles in medical and surgical specialties. Although China is the most populous country in the world, and although more than 50,000 orthopaedic surgeons practice there, to our knowledge no formal citation analysis of Chinese orthopaedic articles has been performed.

Questions/purposes

We identified the 50 most-cited orthopaedic articles from mainland China and evaluated these articles in terms of their language of publication, source journals, and topics.

Methods

Science Citation Index Expanded was searched in July 31, 2014 for citations of articles published in 70 selected journals since the inception of the database. The 50 most-cited orthopaedic articles originating in mainland China were identified. Basic information, including title, authors, year of publication, article type, journal in which the work was published, city, institution, number of citations, decade published, and topic or subspecialty of the research were recorded.

Results

The number of citations for the top 50 papers ranged from 181 to 31 (mean, 52). These articles were published between 1981 and 2010. The decade of 2000 to 2009 was the most prolific, with 36 of the top 50 articles published during this time. All articles were written in English and they were published in a total of 16 journals. The journal Spine published the largest number of articles (12), followed by Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research^® (seven). The journal Lancet had the highest impact factor (39.207 for 2013) among any of the journals that published articles we identified. The top 50 articles originated mainly from Beijing (16) and Shanghai (12), with basic research being the focus of the majority (27 of 50; 54%); the remaining were clinical studies. Bone was the most-investigated topic in basic research; the spine was the most-common topic among the identified clinical studies.

Conclusions

The 50 most-cited articles that we identified should be considered influential, although a large gap remains between mainland China and the global orthopaedic community in terms of citations per article. Nevertheless, insofar as the most-recent decade of our survey generated the most articles in this top-50 list, we would characterize mainland China’s effect on musculoskeletal research as increasing, and as funding increases to programs in mainland China, we anticipate this trend will continue in the future.     

Sclerostin antibody treatment causes greater alveolar crest height and bone mass in an ovariectomized rat model of localized periodontitis

IntroductionPeriodontitis and osteoporosis are bone destructive diseases with a high prevalence in the adult population. The concomitant presence of osteoporosis may be a risk factor of progression of periodontal destruction. We studied the effect of sclerostin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (Scl-Ab) on alveolar bone endpoints in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of induced experimental periodontitis.MethodsSixty female, 4-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats underwent sham operation or bilateral OVX and were left untreated for 2 months. Experimental periodontitis (ligature) was established by placing silk sutures subgingival to the right maxillary first and second molar teeth for 4 weeks, and feeding the rats food and high-sugar drinking water during this period. Thereafter, ligatures were removed and 25 mg/kg vehicle or Scl-Ab was administered subcutaneously twice weekly for 6 weeks. Rats were randomized into four groups: (1) Control (Sham + Vehicle), (2) Sham + Ligature + Vehicle, (3) OVX + Ligature + Vehicle, and (4) OVX + Ligature + Scl-Ab. Terminal blood and right maxilla specimens were collected for analyses.ResultsGroup 3 rats showed lower bone volume fraction (BVF) of alveolar bone with higher bone resorption and lower bone formation than Group 2 rats. Group 4 rats had higher alveolar crest height, as assessed by linear distance of cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest and greater alveolar bone mass using Micro CT, than Group 3 rats. Significantly higher values of mineral apposition rate (MAR) and mineralizing surface/bone surface (MS/BS) were also observed in Group 4 rats by analyzing polychrome sequential labeling data. Increased serum osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin, and deceased serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and CTx-1 illustrate the ability of Scl-Ab to increase alveolar bone mass by enhancing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption in an animal model of estrogen deficiency osteopenia plus periodontitis.ConclusionScl-Ab could be a potential bone anabolic agent for improving alveolar crest height and higher alveolar bone mass in conditions where alveolar bone loss in periodontitis is compounded by estrogen deficiency osteopenia.     

髌骨固定针与克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折的病例对照研究

目的:比较髌骨固定针联合张力带钢丝与克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾2010年11月至2012年1月采用髌骨固定针及克氏针张力带治疗髌骨骨折42例。髌骨固定针组21例,男14例,女7例,年龄26～65岁,平均43.6岁;克氏针组21例,男12例,女9例,年龄32～58岁,平均41.5岁。观察两组的手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间,并根据Bstman评价标准比较两组术后疗效。结果:所有患者获随访,时间6～14个月,平均11.5个月。两组骨折均愈合良好,无不愈合、感染等并发症。根据Bstman评价标准,两组疗效差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.83,P=0.407)。两组手术时间比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.670,P=0.000),术中出血量、骨折愈合时间差异无统计学差异(t=1.900,P=0.064;t=0.612,P=0.544)。结论:两组患者均取得满意疗效,但髌骨固定针联合张力带钢丝治疗髌骨骨折操作更简单,手术时间更短,固定牢固,并发症少,术后膝关节功能恢复好,是治疗髌骨骨折的有效方法之一。     

异体颈椎椎间盘移植术后颈椎曲度变化及意义

目的 评价同种异体颈椎椎间盘移植(cervical disc allografting,CDA)后中远期临床疗效及影像学变化,探讨颈椎曲度改变的临床意义.方法 收集并分析2000年2月～2010年9月行CDA治疗的13例患者的相关资料(平均随访6.1年).比较手术前后患者神经功能及影像学变化,分析两者间相关性.结果 ①...     

脊柱全长片在腰骶移行椎诊断中的应用

目的：探讨脊柱全长片判定腰骶移行椎的准确性.方法：采用143例脊柱全长影像资料,分析其腰椎骶化（SZ）与骶椎腰化（LZ）分布情况,L5椎体与Tuffier线的关系及矩形化表现.结果：L5椎体在Tuffier线以下者男82.1%,女 79.7%.6例 IIIB型SZ椎体无矩形化表现,7例完全型LZ双侧横突高度小于19 mm.12例T12肋缺如单凭腰椎平片可能误为存在腰骶移行椎（LSTV）.结论：单纯腰椎平片无法避免漏误诊LSTV.只有脊柱全长片才能准确判定LSTV.     

Novel approaches for two and three dimensional multiplexed imaging of osteocytes

Although osteocytes have historically been viewed as quiescent cells, it is now clear that they are highly active cells in bone and play key regulatory roles in diverse skeletal functions, including mechanotransduction, phosphate homeostasis and regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Three dimensional imaging of embedded osteocytes and their dendritic connections within intact bone specimens can be quite challenging and many of the currently available methods are actually imaging the lacunocanalicular network rather than the osteocytes themselves. With the explosion of interest in the field of osteocyte biology, there is an increased need for reliable ways to image these cells in live and fixed bone specimens. Here we report the development of reproducible methods for 2D and 3D imaging of osteocytes in situ using multiplexed imaging approaches in which the osteocyte cell membrane, nucleus, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix can be imaged simultaneously in various combinations. We also present a new transgenic mouse line expressing a membrane targeted-GFP variant selectively in osteocytes as a novel tool for in situ imaging of osteocytes and their dendrites in fixed or living bone specimens. These methods have been multiplexed with a novel method for labeling of the lacunocanalicular network using fixable dextran, which enables aspects of the osteocyte cell structure and lacunocanalicular system to be simultaneously imaged. The application of these comprehensive approaches for imaging of osteocytes in situ should advance research into osteocyte biology and function in health and disease.     

腰椎后外侧融合术对已存在退变的相邻节段的中远期影响

目的评估腰椎后外侧融合对已经存在退变但未纳入融合范围的相邻节段的中远期影响。方法对本院2004年1月—2005年12月因腰椎退行性疾患接受后路椎板切除减压、经椎弓根内固定、后外侧植骨融合的158例患者进行随访,采用影像学方法对其相邻节段的转归进行分析,比较相邻节段术前无退变和已存在退变的椎间盘的远期进一步退变情况及相应的临床功能。结果 102例病例获得完整随访,平均随访65.2个月(54~71个月),其中26例(25.5%)出现了相邻节段的影像学退变。在相邻上位节段中,术前无退变和已存在退变的椎间盘随访时出现进一步退变的发生率分别为13.5%(10/74)和35.7%(10/28),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在相邻下位节段中,术前没有退变和已存在退变的椎间盘随访时出现进一步退变的发生率分别为12.5%(6/48)和22.2%(4/18),差异无统计学意义。临床评价显示无论术前相邻节段有无退变,Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)在术后6个月时均较术前明显改善(P0.05),并在最终随访时得到保持,但术前相邻节段存在退变组随访时ODI明显高于无退变组(P0.05)。结论与术前无退变的相邻节段椎间盘相比,术前已存在退变的相邻椎间盘融合术后更容易出现进一步退变,而且会影响其远期的临床疗效。     

Connoisseurship and drunkenness in Tokyo

Although aggregate alcohol consumption in Japan is declining, national data overlook important anomalies and local trends. One is that young adults are drinking in greater volume and frequency than previously observed in the postwar era, while health concerns pertaining to alcohol consumption struggle for national recognition against largely uncritical views of intoxication. This article focuses on the connoisseurship of alcohol among Tokyo's young adults, particularly knowledge and breadth of sampled varieties, an emergent and growing pursuit that encourages drinking and structures drunkenness. Connoisseurship and drunkenness, the article argues, serve as means to assert expertise, sophistication and global competence – a form of cultural capital among young urbanites who increasingly find themselves on the economic and social margins, disconnected from the official institutions of Japanese society. Most of the data presented here were gathered over 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Tokyo (interviews, online survey and participant observation), supplemented by ongoing participation in online conversations on the popular social media website www.mixi.jp. Ethnographic attention reveals how alcohol consumption is discussed as a culturally meaningful pursuit illustrative of major societal shifts and challenges confronting Japan.     

脐带华通胶间充质干细胞移植对退变椎间盘影响的实验研究

目的:探讨人华通胶间充质干细胞(Wharton′s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells,WJMSCs)移植对犬退变椎间盘的影响。方法:从新生儿脐带中提取WJMSCs,取增殖良好的第3代细胞,用含有绿色荧光蛋白的腺相关病毒(r AAV2-EGFP)感染标记细胞。选择20只健康成年比格犬作为实验动物,使用穿刺抽吸髓核组织法建立椎间盘退变模型(L4/5、L5/6、L6/7)。4周后将犬各节段椎间盘进行分组:L3/4为对照组(A组);L4/5为退变组(B组);L5/6为注射组(C组),注射生理盐水;L6/7为移植组(D组),移植绿色荧光蛋白标记的WJMSCs细胞悬液。造模术前、术后4、8、12、24周行腰椎X线及MRI检查。24周后处死动物取材进行冰冻切片荧光、HE染色及番红O染色等组织学检测,提取髓核组织总RNA,反转录后行Real Time PCR检测,观察蛋白多糖、Ⅱ型胶原、SOX-9及Ⅰ型胶原基因表达变化。结果:分离培养的WJMSCs贴壁生长,呈梭形形态,r AAV2-EGFP病毒感染后第3天表达绿色荧光。影像学检查结果显示各组椎间盘高度指数及相对灰度指数在造模术前、术后第4周无统计学差异,术后8、12、24周,D组椎间盘相对高度指数及相对灰度指数较B、C组高(P0.05),比A组低(P0.05)。术后24周,D组髓核组织冰冻切片内能够检测到GFP阳性的WJMSC细胞,HE染色显示D组髓核组织退变比B组和C组轻,番红O染色结果显示D组染色较B组和C组深,基因表达检测结果显示D组Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白多糖及SOX-9基因表达比B、C组高(P0.05),但比A组低(P0.05)。结论:人WJMSCs移植入犬退变椎间盘内能够存活,促进椎间盘细胞外基质Ⅱ型胶原及蛋白多糖合成,维持椎间盘高度及髓核含水量,能够有效延缓椎间盘退变进展。     

腰椎平片漏诊的腰椎骶化及骶椎腰化

目的：探讨脊柱全长片对腰椎平片漏诊的腰骶移行椎的诊断作用.方法：184例（男99例,女85例）腰腿疼患者接受脊柱全长影像检查.利用脊柱全长影像资料,明确是否存在Castellvi分型之外的腰椎骶化或骶椎腰化.结果：9例（4.9%）非矩形化完全型腰椎骶化依据腰椎平片无法辨出,其中6例L5与S1椎板融合,3例L5～S1椎板间结构残留.12例（6.5 %）S1完全腰化为L5样外观,出现S1～2间盘及椎板间结构,横突宽度小于19 mm,腰椎平片会漏诊.结论：临床上存在两种单纯腰椎平片可能漏诊的腰骶移行椎,一种是非矩形化完全型腰椎骶化,（可进一步分为L5～S1椎板残留与椎板融合两种亚型）,一种是双侧横突均小于19 mm的彻底型骶椎腰化,只能通过脊柱全长片发现.